![]() At constant temperatures, sterilization times vary depending on the type of item (e.g., metal versus rubber, plastic, items with lumens), whether the item is wrapped or unwrapped, and the sterilizer type. ![]() Recognized minimum exposure periods for sterilization of wrapped healthcare supplies are 30 minutes at 121☌ (250☏) in a gravity displacement sterilizer or 4 minutes at 132☌ (270☏) in a prevacuum sterilizer (Table 7). These temperatures (and other high temperatures) 830 must be maintained for a minimal time to kill microorganisms. The two common steam-sterilizing temperatures are 121☌ (250☏) and 132☌ (270☏). Specific temperatures must be obtained to ensure the microbicidal activity. 813, 819 Pressure serves as a means to obtain the high temperatures necessary to quickly kill microorganisms. The ideal steam for sterilization is dry saturated steam and entrained water (dryness fraction ≥97%). Thus, there are four parameters of steam sterilization: steam, pressure, temperature, and time. The basic principle of steam sterilization, as accomplished in an autoclave, is to expose each item to direct steam contact at the required temperature and pressure for the specified time.
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